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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
2022-05-17 14:02:15
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句限制所修饰名词或代词的意义，一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚，甚至失去意义。而非限制性定语从句主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密，对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响，把它们拿掉，句子依然很完整，它们可以说是附加上去的东西，而且通常都有逗号把它们和句子的其他部分分开。具体说来，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别：
1. 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常
2. 作用不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整： People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同比较：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5. 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的nt: 2.0">Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6. 关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
1. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
2. My uncle ______ until he was forty –five.
A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry
3. — When will you come to see me, Dad ?
— I will go to see you when you _____ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish
4. — How long _____ at this jo b ?
— Since 1990
A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
5. With the rapid growth of pop ulation, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years.
A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread
6. The silence of the library _____ only by the sound of pages being turned over.
A. has been broken B. break s C. broke D. was broken
7. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
8. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
9. — Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to
— Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it !
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
10. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
1、A 前句中recently与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示：We should have heard from her by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事，用现在完成时态：…hasn’t written us recently.
2、B marry是终止性动词，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五岁才结婚。”
3、D when从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。
4、B答语中的since1990是关键信息。
5、B 时间状语in the past five years与现在时间有关。
6、D图书馆的安静被打破，故须用被动语态;情景中找不出与现在有关的时间信息，故A是错误的。
7、C grow与as从句里的wait发生。 题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：All morning as she waited…，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness “grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。
本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除;D项(had grown)过去完成时态，应用于表示过去特定时间之前的行为，与语境不符，也可排除。
8、B stay这晨是系动词的用法，不用被动形式。
根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词fresh判断，选项所给动词stay为系动词(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——COLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY), 因此，很容易排除A项(系动词不可能使用权用被动语态);从句意看，说话人向对方提出建议(Why d on’t you…?)，然后阐明依据(the meat will…)，应该是stay 的一般形式，而不会是进行式(C 项be staying)或完成式(D项have stayed)。
9、D注意Mr Parker 这里针对的是“Sorry , joe”这件事，而不是“ I didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此时此刻”发生的，故应用一般现在时。句意：你应称呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧!题干选材为大小对话形式，语境完整，前者向 Joe道歉，后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉，认为称呼自己为Joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千对方，语气非常严厉。
10、B at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间，故用来将进行时。
